How Many Solutions for $x+x=1$ in a Ring?

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• Ring is a Filed if and only if the Zero Ideal is a Maximal Ideal Let $R$ be a commutative ring. Then prove that $R$ is a field if and only if $\{0\}$ is a maximal ideal of $R$.   Proof. $(\implies)$: If $R$ is a field, then $\{0\}$ is a maximal ideal Suppose that $R$ is a field and let $I$ be a non zero ideal: \[ \{0\} […]
• Nilpotent Element a in a Ring and Unit Element $1-ab$ Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $1 \neq 0$. An element $a\in R$ is called nilpotent if $a^n=0$ for some positive integer $n$. Then prove that if $a$ is a nilpotent element of $R$, then $1-ab$ is a unit for all $b \in R$.   We give two proofs. Proof 1. Since $a$ […]
• Ring of Gaussian Integers and Determine its Unit Elements Denote by $i$ the square root of $-1$. Let \[R=\Z[i]=\{a+ib \mid a, b \in \Z \}\] be the ring of Gaussian integers. We define the norm $N:\Z[i] \to \Z$ by sending $\alpha=a+ib$ to \[N(\alpha)=\alpha \bar{\alpha}=a^2+b^2.\] Here $\bar{\alpha}$ is the complex conjugate of […]
• A ring is Local if and only if the set of Non-Units is an Ideal A ring is called local if it has a unique maximal ideal. (a) Prove that a ring $R$ with $1$ is local if and only if the set of non-unit elements of $R$ is an ideal of $R$. (b) Let $R$ be a ring with $1$ and suppose that $M$ is a maximal ideal of $R$. Prove that if every […]
• Finite Integral Domain is a Field Show that any finite integral domain $R$ is a field.   Definition. A commutative ring $R$ with $1\neq 0$ is called an integral domain if it has no zero divisors. That is, if $ab=0$ for $a, b \in R$, then either $a=0$ or $b=0$. Proof. We give two proofs. Proof […]
• A Ring is Commutative if Whenever $ab=ca$, then $b=c$ Let $R$ be a ring and assume that whenever $ab=ca$ for some elements $a, b, c\in R$, we have $b=c$. Then prove that $R$ is a commutative ring.   Proof. Let $x, y$ be arbitrary elements in $R$. We want to show that $xy=yx$. Consider the […]
• Rings $2\Z$ and $3\Z$ are Not Isomorphic Prove that the rings $2\Z$ and $3\Z$ are not isomorphic.   Definition of a ring homomorphism. Let $R$ and $S$ be rings. A homomorphism is a map $f:R\to S$ satisfying $f(a+b)=f(a)+f(b)$ for all $a, b \in R$, and $f(ab)=f(a)f(b)$ for all $a, b \in R$. A […]
• Is the Set of Nilpotent Element an Ideal? Is it true that a set of nilpotent elements in a ring $R$ is an ideal of $R$? If so, prove it. Otherwise give a counterexample.   Proof. We give a counterexample. Let $R$ be the noncommutative ring of $2\times 2$ matrices with real […]