More from my site

• Torsion Submodule, Integral Domain, and Zero Divisors Let $R$ be a ring with $1$. An element of the $R$-module $M$ is called a torsion element if $rm=0$ for some nonzero element $r\in R$. The set of torsion elements is denoted \[\Tor(M)=\{m \in M \mid rm=0 \text{ for some nonzero} r\in R\}.\] (a) Prove that if $R$ is an […]
• Matrix $XY-YX$ Never Be the Identity Matrix Let $I$ be the $n\times n$ identity matrix, where $n$ is a positive integer. Prove that there are no $n\times n$ matrices $X$ and $Y$ such that \[XY-YX=I.\]   Hint. Suppose that such matrices exist and consider the trace of the matrix $XY-YX$. Recall that the trace of […]
• Quiz 5: Example and Non-Example of Subspaces in 3-Dimensional Space Problem 1 Let $W$ be the subset of the $3$-dimensional vector space $\R^3$ defined by \[W=\left\{ \mathbf{x}=\begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \end{bmatrix}\in \R^3 \quad \middle| \quad 2x_1x_2=x_3 \right\}.\] (a) Which of the following vectors are in the subset […]
• If Column Vectors Form Orthonormal set, is Row Vectors Form Orthonormal Set? Suppose that $A$ is a real $n\times n$ matrix. (a) Is it true that $A$ must commute with its transpose? (b) Suppose that the columns of $A$ (considered as vectors) form an orthonormal set. Is it true that the rows of $A$ must also form an orthonormal set? (University of […]
• Are Linear Transformations of Derivatives and Integrations Linearly Independent? Let $W=C^{\infty}(\R)$ be the vector space of all $C^{\infty}$ real-valued functions (smooth function, differentiable for all degrees of differentiation). Let $V$ be the vector space of all linear transformations from $W$ to $W$. The addition and the scalar multiplication of $V$ […]
• Every Group of Order 72 is Not a Simple Group Prove that every finite group of order $72$ is not a simple group. Definition. A group $G$ is said to be simple if the only normal subgroups of $G$ are the trivial group $\{e\}$ or $G$ itself. Hint. Let $G$ be a group of order $72$. Use the Sylow's theorem and determine […]
• 10 True of False Problems about Nonsingular / Invertible Matrices 10 questions about nonsingular matrices, invertible matrices, and linearly independent vectors. The quiz is designed to test your understanding of the basic properties of these topics. You can take the quiz as many times as you like. The solutions will be given after […]
• Every Finite Group Having More than Two Elements Has a Nontrivial Automorphism Prove that every finite group having more than two elements has a nontrivial automorphism. (Michigan State University, Abstract Algebra Qualifying Exam)   Proof. Let $G$ be a finite group and $|G|> 2$. Case When $G$ is a Non-Abelian Group Let us first […]