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  • Galois Group of the Polynomial  $x^p-2$.Galois Group of the Polynomial $x^p-2$. Let $p \in \Z$ be a prime number. Then describe the elements of the Galois group of the polynomial $x^p-2$.   Solution. The roots of the polynomial $x^p-2$ are \[ \sqrt[p]{2}\zeta^k, k=0,1, \dots, p-1\] where $\sqrt[p]{2}$ is a real $p$-th root of $2$ and $\zeta$ […]
  • 7 Problems on Skew-Symmetric Matrices7 Problems on Skew-Symmetric Matrices Let $A$ and $B$ be $n\times n$ skew-symmetric matrices. Namely $A^{\trans}=-A$ and $B^{\trans}=-B$. (a) Prove that $A+B$ is skew-symmetric. (b) Prove that $cA$ is skew-symmetric for any scalar $c$. (c) Let $P$ be an $m\times n$ matrix. Prove that $P^{\trans}AP$ is […]
  • The Vector Space Consisting of All Traceless Diagonal MatricesThe Vector Space Consisting of All Traceless Diagonal Matrices Let $V$ be the set of all $n \times n$ diagonal matrices whose traces are zero. That is, \begin{equation*} V:=\left\{ A=\begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & 0 & \dots & 0 \\ 0 &a_{22} & \dots & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & 0 & \dots & […]
  • Eigenvalues of a Hermitian Matrix are Real NumbersEigenvalues of a Hermitian Matrix are Real Numbers Show that eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix $A$ are real numbers. (The Ohio State University Linear Algebra Exam Problem)   We give two proofs. These two proofs are essentially the same. The second proof is a bit simpler and concise compared to the first one. […]
  • Every Group of Order 72 is Not a Simple GroupEvery Group of Order 72 is Not a Simple Group Prove that every finite group of order $72$ is not a simple group. Definition. A group $G$ is said to be simple if the only normal subgroups of $G$ are the trivial group $\{e\}$ or $G$ itself. Hint. Let $G$ be a group of order $72$. Use the Sylow's theorem and determine […]
  • Find a Basis of the Subspace Spanned by Four Polynomials of Degree 3 or LessFind a Basis of the Subspace Spanned by Four Polynomials of Degree 3 or Less Let $\calP_3$ be the vector space of all polynomials of degree $3$ or less. Let \[S=\{p_1(x), p_2(x), p_3(x), p_4(x)\},\] where \begin{align*} p_1(x)&=1+3x+2x^2-x^3 & p_2(x)&=x+x^3\\ p_3(x)&=x+x^2-x^3 & p_4(x)&=3+8x+8x^3. \end{align*} (a) […]
  • Finite Order Matrix and its TraceFinite Order Matrix and its Trace Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ matrix and suppose that $A^r=I_n$ for some positive integer $r$. Then show that (a) $|\tr(A)|\leq n$. (b) If $|\tr(A)|=n$, then $A=\zeta I_n$ for an $r$-th root of unity $\zeta$. (c) $\tr(A)=n$ if and only if $A=I_n$. Proof. (a) […]
  • Compute Power of Matrix If Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Are GivenCompute Power of Matrix If Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Are Given Let $A$ be a $3\times 3$ matrix. Suppose that $A$ has eigenvalues $2$ and $-1$, and suppose that $\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ are eigenvectors corresponding to $2$ and $-1$, respectively, where \[\mathbf{u}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ -1 \end{bmatrix} \text{ […]

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