module-theory-eye-catch

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• Range, Null Space, Rank, and Nullity of a Linear Transformation from $\R^2$ to $\R^3$ Define the map $T:\R^2 \to \R^3$ by $T \left ( \begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \end{bmatrix}\right )=\begin{bmatrix} x_1-x_2 \\ x_1+x_2 \\ x_2 \end{bmatrix}$. (a) Show that $T$ is a linear transformation. (b) Find a matrix $A$ such that […]
• Compute the Product $A^{2017}\mathbf{u}$ of a Matrix Power and a Vector Let \[A=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 \\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix} \text{ and } \mathbf{u}=\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}.\] Compute $A^{2017}\mathbf{u}$.   (The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Exam) Solution. We first compute $A\mathbf{u}$. We […]
• A Square Root Matrix of a Symmetric Matrix with Non-Negative Eigenvalues Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ real symmetric matrix whose eigenvalues are all non-negative real numbers. Show that there is an $n \times n$ real matrix $B$ such that $B^2=A$. Hint. Use the fact that a real symmetric matrix is diagonalizable by a real orthogonal matrix. […]
• Eigenvalues of Real Skew-Symmetric Matrix are Zero or Purely Imaginary and the Rank is Even Let $A$ be a real skew-symmetric matrix, that is, $A^{\trans}=-A$. Then prove the following statements. (a) Each eigenvalue of the real skew-symmetric matrix $A$ is either $0$ or a purely imaginary number. (b) The rank of $A$ is even.   Proof. (a) Each […]
• Show that the Given 2 by 2 Matrix is Singular Consider the matrix $M = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 4 \\ 3 & 12 \end{bmatrix}$. (a) Show that $M$ is singular. (b) Find a non-zero vector $\mathbf{v}$ such that $M \mathbf{v} = \mathbf{0}$, where $\mathbf{0}$ is the $2$-dimensional zero vector.   Solution. (a) Show […]
• Find the Rank of the Matrix $A+I$ if Eigenvalues of $A$ are $1, 2, 3, 4, 5$ Let $A$ be an $n$ by $n$ matrix with entries in complex numbers $\C$. Its only eigenvalues are $1,2,3,4,5$, possibly with multiplicities. What is the rank of the matrix $A+I_n$, where $I_n$ is the identity $n$ by $n$ matrix. (UCB-University of California, Berkeley, […]
• Describe the Range of the Matrix Using the Definition of the Range Using the definition of the range of a matrix, describe the range of the matrix \[A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 1 & -5 \\ 1 &2 & 1 & -2 \\ 1 & 2 & 0 & -3 \end{bmatrix}.\]   Solution. By definition, the range $\calR(A)$ of the matrix $A$ is given […]
• Trace of the Inverse Matrix of a Finite Order Matrix Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ matrix such that $A^k=I_n$, where $k\in \N$ and $I_n$ is the $n \times n$ identity matrix. Show that the trace of $(A^{-1})^{\trans}$ is the conjugate of the trace of $A$. That is, show that […]