Abelian Groups and Surjective Group Homomorphism
Problem 167
Let $G, G’$ be groups. Suppose that we have a surjective group homomorphism $f:G\to G’$.
Show that if $G$ is an abelian group, then so is $G’$.
Add to solve later Category: Group Theory
Add to solve later A Homomorphism from the Additive Group of Integers to Itself
Problem 163
Let $\Z$ be the additive group of integers. Let $f: \Z \to \Z$ be a group homomorphism.
Then show that there exists an integer $a$ such that
\[f(n)=an\]
for any integer $n$.
Add to solve later Image of a Normal Subgroup Under a Surjective Homomorphism is a Normal Subgroup
Problem 161
Let $f: H \to G$ be a surjective group homomorphism from a group $H$ to a group $G$.
Let $N$ be a normal subgroup of $H$. Show that the image $f(N)$ is normal in $G$.
Add to solve later Finite Group and Subgroup Criteria
Problem 160
Let $G$ be a finite group and let $H$ be a subset of $G$ such that for any $a,b \in H$, $ab\in H$.
Then show that $H$ is a subgroup of $G$.
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Add to solve later Non-Abelian Simple Group is Equal to its Commutator Subgroup
Problem 149
Let $G$ be a non-abelian simple group. Let $D(G)=[G,G]$ be the commutator subgroup of $G$. Show that $G=D(G)$.
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Add to solve later Two Quotients Groups are Abelian then Intersection Quotient is Abelian
Problem 148
Let $K, N$ be normal subgroups of a group $G$. Suppose that the quotient groups $G/K$ and $G/N$ are both abelian groups.
Then show that the group
\[G/(K \cap N)\]
is also an abelian group.
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Add to solve later Commutator Subgroup and Abelian Quotient Group
Problem 147
Let $G$ be a group and let $D(G)=[G,G]$ be the commutator subgroup of $G$.
Let $N$ be a subgroup of $G$.
Prove that the subgroup $N$ is normal in $G$ and $G/N$ is an abelian group if and only if $N \supset D(G)$.
Add to solve later Finite Group and a Unique Solution of an Equation
Problem 145
Let $G$ be a finite group of order $n$ and let $m$ be an integer that is relatively prime to $n=|G|$. Show that for any $a\in G$, there exists a unique element $b\in G$ such that
\[b^m=a.\]
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Add to solve later A Group Homomorphism is Injective if and only if the Kernel is Trivial
Problem 144
Let $G$ and $H$ be groups and let $f:G \to K$ be a group homomorphism. Prove that the homomorphism $f$ is injective if and only if the kernel is trivial, that is, $\ker(f)=\{e\}$, where $e$ is the identity element of $G$.
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Add to solve later Multiplicative Groups of Real Numbers and Complex Numbers are not Isomorphic
Problem 130
Let $\R^{\times}=\R\setminus \{0\}$ be the multiplicative group of real numbers.
Let $\C^{\times}=\C\setminus \{0\}$ be the multiplicative group of complex numbers.
Then show that $\R^{\times}$ and $\C^{\times}$ are not isomorphic as groups.
Add to solve later Group Generated by Commutators of Two Normal Subgroups is a Normal Subgroup
Problem 129
Let $G$ be a group and $H$ and $K$ be subgroups of $G$.
For $h \in H$, and $k \in K$, we define the commutator $[h, k]:=hkh^{-1}k^{-1}$.
Let $[H,K]$ be a subgroup of $G$ generated by all such commutators.
Show that if $H$ and $K$ are normal subgroups of $G$, then the subgroup $[H, K]$ is normal in $G$.
Add to solve later If a Subgroup $H$ is in the Center of a Group $G$ and $G/H$ is Nilpotent, then $G$ is Nilpotent
Problem 128
Let $G$ be a nilpotent group and let $H$ be a subgroup such that $H$ is a subgroup in the center $Z(G)$ of $G$.
Suppose that the quotient $G/H$ is nilpotent.
Then show that $G$ is also nilpotent.
Add to solve later Normal Subgroups, Isomorphic Quotients, But Not Isomorphic
Problem 127
Let $G$ be a group. Suppose that $H_1, H_2, N_1, N_2$ are all normal subgroup of $G$, $H_1 \lhd N_2$, and $H_2 \lhd N_2$.
Suppose also that $N_1/H_1$ is isomorphic to $N_2/H_2$. Then prove or disprove that $N_1$ is isomorphic to $N_2$.
Add to solve later The Index of the Center of a Non-Abelian $p$-Group is Divisible by $p^2$
Problem 124
Let $p$ be a prime number.
Let $G$ be a non-abelian $p$-group.
Show that the index of the center of $G$ is divisible by $p^2$.
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Add to solve later Infinite Cyclic Groups Do Not Have Composition Series
Problem 123
Let $G$ be an infinite cyclic group. Then show that $G$ does not have a composition series.
Add to solve later Any Finite Group Has a Composition Series
Problem 122
Let $G$ be a finite group. Then show that $G$ has a composition series.
Add to solve later Group of Order 18 is Solvable
Problem 118
Let $G$ be a finite group of order $18$.
Show that the group $G$ is solvable.
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Add to solve later If a Subgroup Contains a Sylow Subgroup, then the Normalizer is the Subgroup itself
Problem 117
Let $G$ be a finite group and $P$ be a nontrivial Sylow subgroup of $G$.
Let $H$ be a subgroup of $G$ containing the normalizer $N_G(P)$ of $P$ in $G$.
Then show that $N_G(H)=H$.
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Add to solve later The Preimage of a Normal Subgroup Under a Group Homomorphism is Normal
Problem 116
Let $G$ and $G’$ be groups and let $f:G \to G’$ be a group homomorphism.
If $H’$ is a normal subgroup of the group $G’$, then show that $H=f^{-1}(H’)$ is a normal subgroup of the group $G$.
Add to solve later Isomorphism Criterion of Semidirect Product of Groups
Problem 113
Let $A$, $B$ be groups. Let $\phi:B \to \Aut(A)$ be a group homomorphism.
The semidirect product $A \rtimes_{\phi} B$ with respect to $\phi$ is a group whose underlying set is $A \times B$ with group operation
\[(a_1, b_1)\cdot (a_2, b_2)=(a_1\phi(b_1)(a_2), b_1b_2),\]
where $a_i \in A, b_i \in B$ for $i=1, 2$.
Let $f: A \to A’$ and $g:B \to B’$ be group isomorphisms. Define $\phi’: B’\to \Aut(A’)$ by sending $b’ \in B’$ to $f\circ \phi(g^{-1}(b’))\circ f^{-1}$.
\[\require{AMScd}
\begin{CD}
B @>{\phi}>> \Aut(A)\\
@A{g^{-1}}AA @VV{\sigma_f}V \\
B’ @>{\phi’}>> \Aut(A’)
\end{CD}\]
Here $\sigma_f:\Aut(A) \to \Aut(A’)$ is defined by $ \alpha \in \Aut(A) \mapsto f\alpha f^{-1}\in \Aut(A’)$.
Then show that
\[A \rtimes_{\phi} B \cong A’ \rtimes_{\phi’} B’.\]
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