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• Inverse Map of a Bijective Homomorphism is a Group Homomorphism Let $G$ and $H$ be groups and let $\phi: G \to H$ be a group homomorphism. Suppose that $f:G\to H$ is bijective. Then there exists a map $\psi:H\to G$ such that \[\psi \circ \phi=\id_G \text{ and } \phi \circ \psi=\id_H.\] Then prove that $\psi:H \to G$ is also a group […]
• Prove a Group is Abelian if $(ab)^2=a^2b^2$ Let $G$ be a group. Suppose that \[(ab)^2=a^2b^2\] for any elements $a, b$ in $G$. Prove that $G$ is an abelian group.   Proof. To prove that $G$ is an abelian group, we need \[ab=ba\] for any elements $a, b$ in $G$. By the given […]
• In which $\R^k$, are the Nullspace and Range Subspaces? Let $A$ be an $m \times n$ matrix. Suppose that the nullspace of $A$ is a plane in $\R^3$ and the range is spanned by a nonzero vector $\mathbf{v}$ in $\R^5$. Determine $m$ and $n$. Also, find the rank and nullity of $A$.   Solution. For an $m \times n$ matrix $A$, the […]
• Subspaces of the Vector Space of All Real Valued Function on the Interval Let $V$ be the vector space over $\R$ of all real valued functions defined on the interval $[0,1]$. Determine whether the following subsets of $V$ are subspaces or not. (a) $S=\{f(x) \in V \mid f(0)=f(1)\}$. (b) $T=\{f(x) \in V \mid […]
• Linear Transformation and a Basis of the Vector Space $\R^3$ Let $T$ be a linear transformation from the vector space $\R^3$ to $\R^3$. Suppose that $k=3$ is the smallest positive integer such that $T^k=\mathbf{0}$ (the zero linear transformation) and suppose that we have $\mathbf{x}\in \R^3$ such that $T^2\mathbf{x}\neq \mathbf{0}$. Show […]
• The Inverse Matrix of an Upper Triangular Matrix with Variables Let $A$ be the following $3\times 3$ upper triangular matrix. \[A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & x & y \\ 0 &1 &z \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix},\] where $x, y, z$ are some real numbers. Determine whether the matrix $A$ is invertible or not. If it is invertible, then find […]
• If a Matrix $A$ is Singular, then Exists Nonzero $B$ such that $AB$ is the Zero Matrix Let $A$ be a $3\times 3$ singular matrix. Then show that there exists a nonzero $3\times 3$ matrix $B$ such that \[AB=O,\] where $O$ is the $3\times 3$ zero matrix.   Proof. Since $A$ is singular, the equation $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}$ has a nonzero […]
• Algebraic Number is an Eigenvalue of Matrix with Rational Entries A complex number $z$ is called algebraic number (respectively, algebraic integer) if $z$ is a root of a monic polynomial with rational (respectively, integer) coefficients. Prove that $z \in \C$ is an algebraic number (resp. algebraic integer) if and only if $z$ is an eigenvalue of […]