# perfect-numbers

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• Simple Commutative Relation on Matrices Let $A$ and $B$ are $n \times n$ matrices with real entries. Assume that $A+B$ is invertible. Then show that $A(A+B)^{-1}B=B(A+B)^{-1}A.$ (University of California, Berkeley Qualifying Exam) Proof. Let $P=A+B$. Then $B=P-A$. Using these, we express the given […]
• Compute $A^5\mathbf{u}$ Using Linear Combination Let $A=\begin{bmatrix} -4 & -6 & -12 \\ -2 &-1 &-4 \\ 2 & 3 & 6 \end{bmatrix}, \quad \mathbf{u}=\begin{bmatrix} 6 \\ 5 \\ -3 \end{bmatrix}, \quad \mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix} -2 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \quad \text{ and } […] • Find the Inverse Linear Transformation if the Linear Transformation is an Isomorphism Let T:\R^3 \to \R^3 be the linear transformation defined by the formula \[T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \end{bmatrix} \,\right)=\begin{bmatrix} x_1+3x_2-2x_3 \\ 2x_1+3x_2 \\ x_2+x_3 \end{bmatrix}.$ Determine whether $T$ is an […]
• Group Homomorphism, Conjugate, Center, and Abelian group Let $G$ be a group. We fix an element $x$ of $G$ and define a map $\Psi_x: G\to G$ by mapping $g\in G$ to $xgx^{-1} \in G$. Then prove the followings. (a) The map $\Psi_x$ is a group homomorphism. (b) The map $\Psi_x=\id$ if and only if $x\in Z(G)$, where $Z(G)$ is the […]
• The Powers of the Matrix with Cosine and Sine Functions Prove the following identity for any positive integer $n$. $\begin{bmatrix} \cos \theta & -\sin \theta\\ \sin \theta& \cos \theta \end{bmatrix}^n=\begin{bmatrix} \cos n\theta & -\sin n\theta\\ \sin n\theta& \cos […] • Group of Order pq is Either Abelian or the Center is Trivial Let G be a group of order |G|=pq, where p and q are (not necessarily distinct) prime numbers. Then show that G is either abelian group or the center Z(G)=1. Hint. Use the result of the problem "If the Quotient by the Center is Cyclic, then the Group is […] • A Matrix Representation of a Linear Transformation and Related Subspaces Let T:\R^4 \to \R^3 be a linear transformation defined by \[ T\left (\, \begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \\ x_4 \end{bmatrix} \,\right) = \begin{bmatrix} x_1+2x_2+3x_3-x_4 \\ 3x_1+5x_2+8x_3-2x_4 \\ x_1+x_2+2x_3 \end{bmatrix}.$ (a) Find a matrix $A$ such that […]
• Group Homomorphism, Preimage, and Product of Groups Let $G, G'$ be groups and let $f:G \to G'$ be a group homomorphism. Put $N=\ker(f)$. Then show that we have $f^{-1}(f(H))=HN.$   Proof. $(\subset)$ Take an arbitrary element $g\in f^{-1}(f(H))$. Then we have $f(g)\in f(H)$. It follows that there exists $h\in H$ […]