Every Basis of a Subspace Has the Same Number of Vectors

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• The Subset Consisting of the Zero Vector is a Subspace and its Dimension is Zero Let $V$ be a subset of the vector space $\R^n$ consisting only of the zero vector of $\R^n$. Namely $V=\{\mathbf{0}\}$. Then prove that $V$ is a subspace of $\R^n$.   Proof. To prove that $V=\{\mathbf{0}\}$ is a subspace of $\R^n$, we check the following subspace […]
• Basis and Dimension of the Subspace of All Polynomials of Degree 4 or Less Satisfying Some Conditions. Let $P_4$ be the vector space consisting of all polynomials of degree $4$ or less with real number coefficients. Let $W$ be the subspace of $P_2$ by \[W=\{ p(x)\in P_4 \mid p(1)+p(-1)=0 \text{ and } p(2)+p(-2)=0 \}.\] Find a basis of the subspace $W$ and determine the dimension of […]
• Three Linearly Independent Vectors in $\R^3$ Form a Basis. Three Vectors Spanning $\R^3$ Form a Basis. Let $B=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3\}$ be a set of three-dimensional vectors in $\R^3$. (a) Prove that if the set $B$ is linearly independent, then $B$ is a basis of the vector space $\R^3$. (b) Prove that if the set $B$ spans $\R^3$, then $B$ is a basis of […]
• If there are More Vectors Than a Spanning Set, then Vectors are Linearly Dependent Let $V$ be a subspace of $\R^n$. Suppose that \[S=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \dots, \mathbf{v}_m\}\] is a spanning set for $V$. Prove that any set of $m+1$ or more vectors in $V$ is linearly dependent.   We give two proofs. The essential ideas behind […]
• Column Rank = Row Rank. (The Rank of a Matrix is the Same as the Rank of its Transpose) Let $A$ be an $m\times n$ matrix. Prove that the rank of $A$ is the same as the rank of the transpose matrix $A^{\trans}$.   Hint. Recall that the rank of a matrix $A$ is the dimension of the range of $A$. The range of $A$ is spanned by the column vectors of the matrix […]
• Show the Subset of the Vector Space of Polynomials is a Subspace and Find its Basis Let $P_3$ be the vector space over $\R$ of all degree three or less polynomial with real number coefficient. Let $W$ be the following subset of $P_3$. \[W=\{p(x) \in P_3 \mid p'(-1)=0 \text{ and } p^{\prime\prime}(1)=0\}.\] Here $p'(x)$ is the first derivative of $p(x)$ and […]
• Row Equivalent Matrix, Bases for the Null Space, Range, and Row Space of a Matrix Let \[A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 &2 &4 \\ 2 & 3 & 5 \end{bmatrix}.\] (a) Find a matrix $B$ in reduced row echelon form such that $B$ is row equivalent to the matrix $A$. (b) Find a basis for the null space of $A$. (c) Find a basis for the range of $A$ that […]
• Matrix Representation of a Linear Transformation of Subspace of Sequences Satisfying Recurrence Relation Let $V$ be a real vector space of all real sequences \[(a_i)_{i=1}^{\infty}=(a_1, a_2, \dots).\] Let $U$ be the subspace of $V$ consisting of all real sequences that satisfy the linear recurrence relation $a_{k+2}-5a_{k+1}+3a_{k}=0$ for $k=1, 2, \dots$. (a) […]