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• A Group of Order $20$ is Solvable Prove that a group of order $20$ is solvable.   Hint. Show that a group of order $20$ has a unique normal $5$-Sylow subgroup by Sylow's theorem. See the post summary of Sylow’s Theorem to review Sylow's theorem. Proof. Let $G$ be a group of order $20$. The […]
• Taking the Third Order Taylor Polynomial is a Linear Transformation The space $C^{\infty} (\mathbb{R})$ is the vector space of real functions which are infinitely differentiable. Let $T : C^{\infty} (\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_3$ be the map which takes $f \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ to its third order Taylor polynomial, specifically defined […]
• Solve the Linear Dynamical System $\frac{\mathrm{d}\mathbf{x}}{\mathrm{d}t} =A\mathbf{x}$ by Diagonalization (a) Find all solutions of the linear dynamical system \[\frac{\mathrm{d}\mathbf{x}}{\mathrm{d}t} =\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0& 3 \end{bmatrix}\mathbf{x},\] where $\mathbf{x}(t)=\mathbf{x}=\begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \end{bmatrix}$ is a function of the variable […]
• True or False. The Intersection of Bases is a Basis of the Intersection of Subspaces Determine whether the following is true or false. If it is true, then give a proof. If it is false, then give a counterexample. Let $W_1$ and $W_2$ be subspaces of the vector space $\R^n$. If $B_1$ and $B_2$ are bases for $W_1$ and $W_2$, respectively, then $B_1\cap B_2$ is a […]
• The Normalizer of a Proper Subgroup of a Nilpotent Group is Strictly Bigger Let $G$ be a nilpotent group and let $H$ be a proper subgroup of $G$. Then prove that $H \subsetneq N_G(H)$, where $N_G(H)$ is the normalizer of $H$ in $G$.   Proof. Note that we always have $H \subset N_G(H)$. Hence our goal is to find an element in […]
• Every Prime Ideal is Maximal if $a^n=a$ for any Element $a$ in the Commutative Ring Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity $1\neq 0$. Suppose that for each element $a\in R$, there exists an integer $n > 1$ depending on $a$. Then prove that every prime ideal is a maximal ideal.   Hint. Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $1$ and $I$ be an ideal […]
• Elementary Questions about a Matrix Let \[A=\begin{bmatrix} -5 & 0 & 1 & 2 \\ 3 &8 & -3 & 7 \\ 0 & 11 & 13 & 28 \end{bmatrix}.\] (a) What is the size of the matrix $A$? (b) What is the third column of $A$? (c) Let $a_{ij}$ be the $(i,j)$-entry of $A$. Calculate $a_{23}-a_{31}$. […]
• Examples of Prime Ideals in Commutative Rings that are Not Maximal Ideals Give an example of a commutative ring $R$ and a prime ideal $I$ of $R$ that is not a maximal ideal of $R$.   Solution. We give several examples. The key facts are: An ideal $I$ of $R$ is prime if and only if $R/I$ is an integral domain. An ideal $I$ of […]