# Cayley-Hamilton

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• Linear Algebra Midterm 1 at the Ohio State University (1/3) The following problems are Midterm 1 problems of Linear Algebra (Math 2568) at the Ohio State University in Autumn 2017. There were 9 problems that covered Chapter 1 of our textbook (Johnson, Riess, Arnold). The time limit was 55 minutes. This post is Part 1 and contains the […]
• Find the Nullspace and Range of the Linear Transformation $T(f)(x) = f(x)-f(0)$ Let $C([-1, 1])$ denote the vector space of real-valued functions on the interval $[-1, 1]$. Define the vector subspace $W = \{ f \in C([-1, 1]) \mid f(0) = 0 \}.$ Define the map $T : C([-1, 1]) \rightarrow W$ by $T(f)(x) = f(x) - f(0)$. Determine if $T$ is a linear map. If […]
• Eigenvalues of a Matrix and its Transpose are the Same Let $A$ be a square matrix. Prove that the eigenvalues of the transpose $A^{\trans}$ are the same as the eigenvalues of $A$.   Proof. Recall that the eigenvalues of a matrix are roots of its characteristic polynomial. Hence if the matrices $A$ and $A^{\trans}$ […]
• The Group of Rational Numbers is Not Finitely Generated (a) Prove that the additive group $\Q=(\Q, +)$ of rational numbers is not finitely generated. (b) Prove that the multiplicative group $\Q^*=(\Q\setminus\{0\}, \times)$ of nonzero rational numbers is not finitely generated.   Proof. (a) Prove that the additive […]
• Two Normal Subgroups Intersecting Trivially Commute Each Other Let $G$ be a group. Assume that $H$ and $K$ are both normal subgroups of $G$ and $H \cap K=1$. Then for any elements $h \in H$ and $k\in K$, show that $hk=kh$.   Proof. It suffices to show that $h^{-1}k^{-1}hk \in H \cap K$. In fact, if this it true then we have […]
• Prove that $\mathbf{v} \mathbf{v}^\trans$ is a Symmetric Matrix for any Vector $\mathbf{v}$ Let $\mathbf{v}$ be an $n \times 1$ column vector. Prove that $\mathbf{v} \mathbf{v}^\trans$ is a symmetric matrix.   Definition (Symmetric Matrix). A matrix $A$ is called symmetric if $A^{\trans}=A$. In terms of entries, an $n\times n$ matrix $A=(a_{ij})$ is […]
• Basis of Span in Vector Space of Polynomials of Degree 2 or Less Let $P_2$ be the vector space of all polynomials of degree $2$ or less with real coefficients. Let $S=\{1+x+2x^2, \quad x+2x^2, \quad -1, \quad x^2\}$ be the set of four vectors in $P_2$. Then find a basis of the subspace $\Span(S)$ among the vectors in $S$. (Linear […]
• Find the Formula for the Power of a Matrix Using Linear Recurrence Relation Suppose that $A$ is $2\times 2$ matrix that has eigenvalues $-1$ and $3$. Then for each positive integer $n$ find $a_n$ and $b_n$ such that $A^{n+1}=a_nA+b_nI,$ where $I$ is the $2\times 2$ identity matrix.   Solution. Since $-1, 3$ are eigenvalues of the […]