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• Using Properties of Inverse Matrices, Simplify the Expression Let $A, B, C$ be $n\times n$ invertible matrices. When you simplify the expression \[C^{-1}(AB^{-1})^{-1}(CA^{-1})^{-1}C^2,\] which matrix do you get? (a) $A$ (b) $C^{-1}A^{-1}BC^{-1}AC^2$ (c) $B$ (d) $C^2$ (e) $C^{-1}BC$ (f) $C$   Solution. In this problem, we […]
• The Quadratic Integer Ring $\Z[\sqrt{5}]$ is not a Unique Factorization Domain (UFD) Prove that the quadratic integer ring $\Z[\sqrt{5}]$ is not a Unique Factorization Domain (UFD).   Proof. Every element of the ring $\Z[\sqrt{5}]$ can be written as $a+b\sqrt{5}$ for some integers $a, b$. The (field) norm $N$ of an element $a+b\sqrt{5}$ is […]
• Are Groups of Order 100, 200 Simple? Determine whether a group $G$ of the following order is simple or not. (a) $|G|=100$. (b) $|G|=200$.   Hint. Use Sylow's theorem and determine the number of $5$-Sylow subgroup of the group $G$. Check out the post Sylow’s Theorem (summary) for a review of Sylow's […]
• Nilpotent Matrices and Non-Singularity of Such Matrices Let $A$ be an $n \times n$ nilpotent matrix, that is, $A^m=O$ for some positive integer $m$, where $O$ is the $n \times n$ zero matrix. Prove that $A$ is a singular matrix and also prove that $I-A, I+A$ are both nonsingular matrices, where $I$ is the $n\times n$ identity […]
• Find All 3 by 3 Reduced Row Echelon Form Matrices of Rank 1 and 2 (a) Find all $3 \times 3$ matrices which are in reduced row echelon form and have rank 1. (b) Find all such matrices with rank 2.   Solution. (a) Find all $3 \times 3$ matrices which are in reduced row echelon form and have rank 1. First we look at the rank 1 case. […]
• Is the Quotient Ring of an Integral Domain still an Integral Domain? Let $R$ be an integral domain and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$. Is the quotient ring $R/I$ an integral domain?   Definition (Integral Domain). Let $R$ be a commutative ring. An element $a$ in $R$ is called a zero divisor if there exists $b\neq 0$ in $R$ such that […]
• Given a Spanning Set of the Null Space of a Matrix, Find the Rank Let $A$ be a real $7\times 3$ matrix such that its null space is spanned by the vectors \[\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \text{ and } \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \\ 0 […]
• Find Matrix Representation of Linear Transformation From $\R^2$ to $\R^2$ Let $T: \R^2 \to \R^2$ be a linear transformation such that \[T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \,\right)=\begin{bmatrix} 4 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \,\right)=\begin{bmatrix} 3 \\ 2 […]