# abelian-groups-eye-catch

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• Union of Two Subgroups is Not a Group Let $G$ be a group and let $H_1, H_2$ be subgroups of $G$ such that $H_1 \not \subset H_2$ and $H_2 \not \subset H_1$. (a) Prove that the union $H_1 \cup H_2$ is never a subgroup in $G$. (b) Prove that a group cannot be written as the union of two proper […]
• No/Infinitely Many Square Roots of 2 by 2 Matrices (a) Prove that the matrix $A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1\\ 0& 0 \end{bmatrix}$ does not have a square root. Namely, show that there is no complex matrix $B$ such that $B^2=A$. (b) Prove that the $2\times 2$ identity matrix $I$ has infinitely many distinct square root […]
• Quotient Group of Abelian Group is Abelian Let $G$ be an abelian group and let $N$ be a normal subgroup of $G$. Then prove that the quotient group $G/N$ is also an abelian group.   Proof. Each element of $G/N$ is a coset $aN$ for some $a\in G$. Let $aN, bN$ be arbitrary elements of $G/N$, where $a, b\in […] • Positive definite Real Symmetric Matrix and its Eigenvalues A real symmetric$n \times n$matrix$A$is called positive definite if $\mathbf{x}^{\trans}A\mathbf{x}>0$ for all nonzero vectors$\mathbf{x}$in$\R^n$. (a) Prove that the eigenvalues of a real symmetric positive-definite matrix$A$are all positive. (b) Prove that if […] • Vector Space of Polynomials and a Basis of Its Subspace Let$P_2$be the vector space of all polynomials of degree two or less. Consider the subset in$P_2$Q=\{ p_1(x), p_2(x), p_3(x), p_4(x)\},$ where \begin{align*} &p_1(x)=1, &p_2(x)=x^2+x+1, \\ &p_3(x)=2x^2, &p_4(x)=x^2-x+1. \end{align*} (a) Use the basisB=\{1, x, […]
• A Group with a Prime Power Order Elements Has Order a Power of the Prime. Let $p$ be a prime number. Suppose that the order of each element of a finite group $G$ is a power of $p$. Then prove that $G$ is a $p$-group. Namely, the order of $G$ is a power of $p$. Hint. You may use Sylow's theorem. For a review of Sylow's theorem, please check out […]
• Linear Combination of Eigenvectors is Not an Eigenvector Suppose that $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are two distinct eigenvalues of a square matrix $A$ and let $\mathbf{x}$ and $\mathbf{y}$ be eigenvectors corresponding to $\lambda$ and $\mu$, respectively. If $a$ and $b$ are nonzero numbers, then prove that $a \mathbf{x}+b\mathbf{y}$ is not an […]
• Linear Transformation that Maps Each Vector to Its Reflection with Respect to $x$-Axis Let $F:\R^2\to \R^2$ be the function that maps each vector in $\R^2$ to its reflection with respect to $x$-axis. Determine the formula for the function $F$ and prove that $F$ is a linear transformation.   Solution 1. Let \$\begin{bmatrix} x \\ y […]