Tagged: invertible matrix

If a Matrix is the Product of Two Matrices, is it Invertible?

Problem 393

(a) Let $A$ be a $6\times 6$ matrix and suppose that $A$ can be written as
\[A=BC,\] where $B$ is a $6\times 5$ matrix and $C$ is a $5\times 6$ matrix.

Prove that the matrix $A$ cannot be invertible.


(b) Let $A$ be a $2\times 2$ matrix and suppose that $A$ can be written as
\[A=BC,\] where $B$ is a $ 2\times 3$ matrix and $C$ is a $3\times 2$ matrix.

Can the matrix $A$ be invertible?

 
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Find a General Formula of a Linear Transformation From $\R^2$ to $\R^3$

Problem 353

Suppose that $T: \R^2 \to \R^3$ is a linear transformation satisfying
\[T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
2
\end{bmatrix}\,\right)=\begin{bmatrix}
3 \\
4 \\
5
\end{bmatrix} \text{ and } T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{bmatrix} \,\right)=\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
0 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}.\] Find a general formula for
\[T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix}
x_1 \\
x_2
\end{bmatrix} \,\right).\]

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Math 2568 Exam Problem)

 
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Give a Formula For a Linear Transformation From $\R^2$ to $\R^3$

Problem 339

Let $\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2\}$ be a basis of the vector space $\R^2$, where
\[\mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
1
\end{bmatrix} \text{ and } \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
-1
\end{bmatrix}.\] The action of a linear transformation $T:\R^2\to \R^3$ on the basis $\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2\}$ is given by
\begin{align*}
T(\mathbf{v}_1)=\begin{bmatrix}
2 \\
4 \\
6
\end{bmatrix} \text{ and } T(\mathbf{v}_2)=\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
8 \\
10
\end{bmatrix}.
\end{align*}

Find the formula of $T(\mathbf{x})$, where
\[\mathbf{x}=\begin{bmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{bmatrix}\in \R^2.\]

 
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Problems and Solutions About Similar Matrices

Problem 319

Let $A, B$, and $C$ be $n \times n$ matrices and $I$ be the $n\times n$ identity matrix.
Prove the following statements.

(a) If $A$ is similar to $B$, then $B$ is similar to $A$.

(b) $A$ is similar to itself.

(c) If $A$ is similar to $B$ and $B$ is similar to $C$, then $A$ is similar to $C$.

(d) If $A$ is similar to the identity matrix $I$, then $A=I$.

(e) If $A$ or $B$ is nonsingular, then $AB$ is similar to $BA$.

(f) If $A$ is similar to $B$, then $A^k$ is similar to $B^k$ for any positive integer $k$.

 
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Quiz 4: Inverse Matrix/ Nonsingular Matrix Satisfying a Relation

Problem 289

(a) Find the inverse matrix of
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 &0 &0 \\
2 & 1 & 1
\end{bmatrix}\] if it exists. If you think there is no inverse matrix of $A$, then give a reason.

(b) Find a nonsingular $2\times 2$ matrix $A$ such that
\[A^3=A^2B-3A^2,\] where
\[B=\begin{bmatrix}
4 & 1\\
2& 6
\end{bmatrix}.\] Verify that the matrix $A$ you obtained is actually a nonsingular matrix.

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Problem)
 
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Linearly Independent vectors $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ and Linearly Independent Vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ for a Nonsingular Matrix

Problem 284

Let $\mathbf{v}_1$ and $\mathbf{v}_2$ be $2$-dimensional vectors and let $A$ be a $2\times 2$ matrix.

(a) Show that if $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ are linearly dependent vectors, then the vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ are also linearly dependent.

(b) If $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ are linearly independent vectors, can we conclude that the vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ are also linearly independent?

(c) If $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ are linearly independent vectors and $A$ is nonsingular, then show that the vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ are also linearly independent.

 
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Find a Nonsingular Matrix Satisfying Some Relation

Problem 280

Determine whether there exists a nonsingular matrix $A$ if
\[A^2=AB+2A,\] where $B$ is the following matrix.
If such a nonsingular matrix $A$ exists, find the inverse matrix $A^{-1}$.

(a) \[B=\begin{bmatrix}
-1 & 1 & -1 \\
0 &-1 &0 \\
1 & 2 & -2
\end{bmatrix}\]

(b) \[B=\begin{bmatrix}
-1 & 1 & -1 \\
0 &-1 &0 \\
2 & 1 & -4
\end{bmatrix}.\]

 
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The Inverse Matrix of an Upper Triangular Matrix with Variables

Problem 275

Let $A$ be the following $3\times 3$ upper triangular matrix.
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & x & y \\
0 &1 &z \\
0 & 0 & 1
\end{bmatrix},\] where $x, y, z$ are some real numbers.

Determine whether the matrix $A$ is invertible or not. If it is invertible, then find the inverse matrix $A^{-1}$.

 
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Invertible Matrix Satisfying a Quadratic Polynomial

Problem 266

Let $A$ be an $n \times n$ matrix satisfying
\[A^2+c_1A+c_0I=O,\] where $c_0, c_1$ are scalars, $I$ is the $n\times n$ identity matrix, and $O$ is the $n\times n$ zero matrix.

Prove that if $c_0\neq 0$, then the matrix $A$ is invertible (nonsingular).
How about the converse? Namely, is it true that if $c_0=0$, then the matrix $A$ is not invertible?

 
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Idempotent Matrices. 2007 University of Tokyo Entrance Exam Problem

Problem 265

For a real number $a$, consider $2\times 2$ matrices $A, P, Q$ satisfying the following five conditions.

  1. $A=aP+(a+1)Q$
  2. $P^2=P$
  3. $Q^2=Q$
  4. $PQ=O$
  5. $QP=O$,

where $O$ is the $2\times 2$ zero matrix.
Then do the following problems.


(a) Prove that $(P+Q)A=A$.


(b) Suppose $a$ is a positive real number and let
\[ A=\begin{bmatrix}
a & 0\\
1& a+1
\end{bmatrix}.\] Then find all matrices $P, Q$ satisfying conditions (1)-(5).


(c) Let $n$ be an integer greater than $1$. For any integer $k$, $2\leq k \leq n$, we define the matrix
\[A_k=\begin{bmatrix}
k & 0\\
1& k+1
\end{bmatrix}.\] Then calculate and simplify the matrix product
\[A_nA_{n-1}A_{n-2}\cdots A_2.\]

(Tokyo University Entrance Exam 2007)
 
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Sherman-Woodbery Formula for the Inverse Matrix

Problem 250

Let $\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ be vectors in $\R^n$, and let $I$ be the $n \times n$ identity matrix. Suppose that the inner product of $\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ satisfies
\[\mathbf{v}^{\trans}\mathbf{u}\neq -1.\] Define the matrix
\[A=I+\mathbf{u}\mathbf{v}^{\trans}.\]

Prove that $A$ is invertible and the inverse matrix is given by the formula
\[A^{-1}=I-a\mathbf{u}\mathbf{v}^{\trans},\] where
\[a=\frac{1}{1+\mathbf{v}^{\trans}\mathbf{u}}.\] This formula is called the Sherman-Woodberry formula.

 
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Two Matrices with the Same Characteristic Polynomial. Diagonalize if Possible.

Problem 216

Let
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 3 & 3 \\
-3 &-5 &-3 \\
3 & 3 & 1
\end{bmatrix} \text{ and } B=\begin{bmatrix}
2 & 4 & 3 \\
-4 &-6 &-3 \\
3 & 3 & 1
\end{bmatrix}.\] For this problem, you may use the fact that both matrices have the same characteristic polynomial:
\[p_A(\lambda)=p_B(\lambda)=-(\lambda-1)(\lambda+2)^2.\]

(a) Find all eigenvectors of $A$.

(b) Find all eigenvectors of $B$.

(c) Which matrix $A$ or $B$ is diagonalizable?

(d) Diagonalize the matrix stated in (c), i.e., find an invertible matrix $P$ and a diagonal matrix $D$ such that $A=PDP^{-1}$ or $B=PDP^{-1}$.

(Stanford University Linear Algebra Final Exam Problem)
 
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