Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ matrix. Suppose that $\mathbf{y}$ is a nonzero row vector such that
\[\mathbf{y}A=\mathbf{y}.\]
(Here a row vector means a $1\times n$ matrix.)
Prove that there is a nonzero column vector $\mathbf{x}$ such that
\[A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{x}.\]
(Here a column vector means an $n \times 1$ matrix.)
Add to solve later Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ matrix. Its only eigenvalues are $1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, possibly with multiplicities.
What is the nullity of the matrix $A+I_n$, where $I_n$ is the $n\times n$ identity matrix?
(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Final Exam Problem)
Add to solve later Find the value(s) of $h$ for which the following set of vectors
\[\left \{ \mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix}
h \\
1 \\
-h
\end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_3=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
2h \\
3h+1
\end{bmatrix}\right\}\]
is linearly independent.
(Boston College, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Sample Problem)
Read solution
Add to solve later Let $A$ be a $3 \times 3$ matrix.
Let $\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}, \mathbf{z}$ are linearly independent $3$-dimensional vectors. Suppose that we have
\[A\mathbf{x}=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}, A\mathbf{y}=\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}, A\mathbf{z}=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
1 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}.\]
Then find the value of the determinant of the matrix $A$.
Add to solve later Find all the values of $x$ so that the following matrix $A$ is a singular matrix.
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
x & x^2 & 1 \\
2 &3 &1 \\
0 & -1 & 1
\end{bmatrix}.\]
Add to solve later Let
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & -x & 0 & 0 \\
0 &1 & -x & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & -x \\
0 & 1 & 0 & -1
\end{bmatrix}\]
be a $4\times 4$ matrix. Find all values of $x$ so that the matrix $A$ is singular.
Add to solve later An $n \times n$ matrix $A$ is called nonsingular if the only solution of the equation $A \mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}$ is the zero vector $\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}$.
Otherwise $A$ is called singular.
(a) Show that if $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ nonsingular matrices, then the product $AB$ is also nonsingular.
(b) Show that if $A$ is nonsingular, then the column vectors of $A$ are linearly independent.
(c) Show that an $n \times n$ matrix $A$ is nonsingular if and only if the equation $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$ has a unique solution for any vector $\mathbf{b}\in \R^n$.
Restriction
Do not use the fact that a matrix is nonsingular if and only if the matrix is invertible.
Add to solve later 
