Solve the following system of linear equations and give the vector form for the general solution.
\begin{align*}
x_1 -x_3 -2x_5&=1 \\
x_2+3x_3-x_5 &=2 \\
2x_1 -2x_3 +x_4 -3x_5 &= 0
\end{align*}
(The Ohio State University, linear algebra midterm exam problem)
(a) The given matrix is the augmented matrix for a system of linear equations.
Give the vector form for the general solution.
\[ \left[\begin{array}{rrrrr|r}
1 & 0 & -1 & 0 &-2 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 2 & 0 & -1 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\
\end{array} \right].\]
(b) Let
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
4 &5 &6
\end{bmatrix}, B=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 & 1 \\
0 &1 &0
\end{bmatrix}, C=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 2\\
0& 6
\end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}.\]
Then compute and simplify the following expression.
\[\mathbf{v}^{\trans}\left( A^{\trans}-(A-B)^{\trans}\right)C.\]