# problems in mathematics

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• Welcome to Problems in Mathematics Welcome to my website. I post problems and its solutions/proofs in mathematics almost every day. Most of the problems are undergraduate level mathematics. Here are several topics I cover on this website. Topics Linear Algebra Group Theory Ring Theory Field Theory, Galois […]
• Mathematics About the Number 2018 Happy New Year 2018!! Here are several mathematical facts about the number 2018.   Is 2018 a Prime Number? The number 2018 is an even number, so in particular 2018 is not a prime number. The prime factorization of 2018 is $2018=2\cdot 1009.$ Here $2$ and $1009$ are […]
• Mathematics About the Number 2017 Happy New Year 2017!! Here is the list of mathematical facts about the number 2017 that you can brag about to your friends or family as a math geek. 2017 is a prime number Of course, I start with the fact that the number 2017 is a prime number. The previous prime year was […]
• Compute the Product $A^{2017}\mathbf{u}$ of a Matrix Power and a Vector Let $A=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 \\ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix} \text{ and } \mathbf{u}=\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}.$ Compute $A^{2017}\mathbf{u}$.   (The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Exam) Solution. We first compute $A\mathbf{u}$. We […]
• Companion Matrix for a Polynomial Consider a polynomial $p(x)=x^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0,$ where $a_i$ are real numbers. Define the matrix $A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & \dots & 0 &-a_0 \\ 1 & 0 & \dots & 0 & -a_1 \\ 0 & 1 & \dots & 0 & -a_2 \\ \vdots & […] • Nilpotent Matrix and Eigenvalues of the Matrix An n\times n matrix A is called nilpotent if A^k=O, where O is the n\times n zero matrix. Prove the followings. (a) The matrix A is nilpotent if and only if all the eigenvalues of A is zero. (b) The matrix A is nilpotent if and only if […] • Powers of a Diagonal Matrix Let A=\begin{bmatrix} a & 0\\ 0& b \end{bmatrix}. Show that (1) A^n=\begin{bmatrix} a^n & 0\\ 0& b^n \end{bmatrix} for any n \in \N. (2) Let B=S^{-1}AS, where S be an invertible 2 \times 2 matrix. Show that B^n=S^{-1}A^n S for any n \in […] • Dot Product, Lengths, and Distances of Complex Vectors For this problem, use the complex vectors \[ \mathbf{w}_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 + i \\ 1 - i \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} , \, \mathbf{w}_2 = \begin{bmatrix} -i \\ 0 \\ 2 - i \end{bmatrix} , \, \mathbf{w}_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 2+i \\ 1 - 3i \\ 2i \end{bmatrix} .$ Suppose $\mathbf{w}_4$ is […]