Two Quadratic Fields $\Q(\sqrt{2})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{3})$ are Not Isomorphic
Problem 99
Prove that the quadratic fields $\Q(\sqrt{2})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{3})$ are not isomorphic.
Add to solve laterProve that the quadratic fields $\Q(\sqrt{2})$ and $\Q(\sqrt{3})$ are not isomorphic.
Add to solve laterLet $A$ and $B$ be $n\times n$ matrices. Suppose that the matrix product $AB=O$, where $O$ is the $n\times n$ zero matrix.
Is it true that the matrix product with opposite order $BA$ is also the zero matrix?
If so, give a proof. If not, give a counterexample.
Let $A$ and $B$ be $2\times 2$ matrices.
Prove or find a counterexample for the statement that $(A-B)(A+B)=A^2-B^2$.
Add to solve laterLet $G$ be a finite abelian group of order $mn$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers.
Then show that there exists unique subgroups $G_1$ of order $m$ and $G_2$ of order $n$ such that $G\cong G_1 \times G_2$.
Add to solve laterLet $H$ be a subgroup of order $2$. Let $N_G(H)$ be the normalizer of $H$ in $G$ and $C_G(H)$ be the centralizer of $H$ in $G$.
(a) Show that $N_G(H)=C_G(H)$.
(b) If $H$ is a normal subgroup of $G$, then show that $H$ is a subgroup of the center $Z(G)$ of $G$.
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4 multiple choice questions about possibilities for the solution set of a homogeneous system of linear equations.
The solutions will be given after completing all problems.
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Determine the splitting field and its degree over $\Q$ of the polynomial
\[x^4+x^2+1.\]
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Show that the matrix $A=\begin{bmatrix}
1 & \alpha\\
0& 1
\end{bmatrix}$, where $\alpha$ is an element of a field $F$ of characteristic $p>0$ satisfies $A^p=I$ and the matrix is not diagonalizable over $F$ if $\alpha \neq 0$.
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Prove that the polynomial $x^p-2$ for a prime number $p$ is irreducible over the field $\Q(\zeta_p)$, where $\zeta_p$ is a primitive $p$th root of unity.
Add to solve laterA complex number $z$ is called algebraic number (respectively, algebraic integer) if $z$ is a root of a monic polynomial with rational (respectively, integer) coefficients.
Prove that $z \in \C$ is an algebraic number (resp. algebraic integer) if and only if $z$ is an eigenvalue of a matrix with rational (resp. integer) entries.
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Find a cubic polynomial
\[p(x)=a+bx+cx^2+dx^3\]
such that $p(1)=1, p'(1)=5, p(-1)=3$, and $ p'(-1)=1$.
Consider a polynomial
\[p(x)=x^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_1x+a_0,\]
where $a_i$ are real numbers.
Define the matrix
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 0 & \dots & 0 &-a_0 \\
1 & 0 & \dots & 0 & -a_1 \\
0 & 1 & \dots & 0 & -a_2 \\
\vdots & & \ddots & & \vdots \\
0 & 0 & \dots & 1 & -a_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix}.\]
Then prove that the characteristic polynomial $\det(xI-A)$ of $A$ is the polynomial $p(x)$.
The matrix is called the companion matrix of the polynomial $p(x)$.
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Let $A$ be an $n \times n$ complex matrix such that $A^k=I$, where $I$ is the $n \times n$ identity matrix.
Show that the matrix $A$ is diagonalizable.
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Let $f(x)$ be an irreducible polynomial of degree $n$ over a field $F$. Let $g(x)$ be any polynomial in $F[x]$.
Show that the degree of each irreducible factor of the composite polynomial $f(g(x))$ is divisible by $n$.
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Show that the polynomial $x^3-\sqrt{2}$ is irreducible over the field $\Q(\sqrt{2})$.
Add to solve laterLet $G$ be a group of order $|G|=pqr$, where $p,q,r$ are prime numbers such that $p<q<r$.
Show that $G$ has a normal subgroup of order either $p,q$ or $r$.
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Let $V$ be a finite dimensional vector space over a field $K$ and let $\End (V)$ be the vector space of linear transformations from $V$ to $V$.
Let $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \dots, \mathbf{v}_n$ be a basis for $V$.
Show that the map $\phi:\End (V) \to V^{\oplus n}$ defined by $f\mapsto (f(\mathbf{v}_1), \dots, f(\mathbf{v}_n))$ is an isomorphism.
Here $V^{\oplus n}=V\oplus \dots \oplus V$, the direct sum of $n$ copies of $V$.
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