# Tagged: linearly dependent

## Problem 707

Suppose that a set of vectors $S_1=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3\}$ is a spanning set of a subspace $V$ in $\R^3$. Is it possible that $S_2=\{\mathbf{v}_1\}$ is a spanning set for $V$?

## Problem 652

Prove that any set of vectors which contains the zero vector is linearly dependent.

## Problem 603

Let $C[-2\pi, 2\pi]$ be the vector space of all continuous functions defined on the interval $[-2\pi, 2\pi]$.
Consider the functions $f(x)=\sin^2(x) \text{ and } g(x)=\cos^2(x)$ in $C[-2\pi, 2\pi]$.

Prove or disprove that the functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ are linearly independent.

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Midterm)

## Problem 580

(a) Prove that the column vectors of every $3\times 5$ matrix $A$ are linearly dependent.

(b) Prove that the row vectors of every $5\times 3$ matrix $B$ are linearly dependent.

## Problem 577

Let $V$ be a subspace of $\R^n$.
Suppose that $B=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \dots, \mathbf{v}_k\}$ is a basis of the subspace $V$.

Prove that every basis of $V$ consists of $k$ vectors in $V$.

## Problem 576

Let $V$ be a subspace of $\R^n$.
Suppose that
$S=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \dots, \mathbf{v}_m\}$ is a spanning set for $V$.

Prove that any set of $m+1$ or more vectors in $V$ is linearly dependent.

## Problem 572

The following problems are Midterm 1 problems of Linear Algebra (Math 2568) at the Ohio State University in Autumn 2017.
There were 9 problems that covered Chapter 1 of our textbook (Johnson, Riess, Arnold).
The time limit was 55 minutes.

This post is Part 3 and contains Problem 7, 8, and 9.
Check out Part 1 and Part 2 for the rest of the exam problems.

Problem 7. Let $A=\begin{bmatrix} -3 & -4\\ 8& 9 \end{bmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ 2 \end{bmatrix}$.

(a) Calculate $A\mathbf{v}$ and find the number $\lambda$ such that $A\mathbf{v}=\lambda \mathbf{v}$.

(b) Without forming $A^3$, calculate the vector $A^3\mathbf{v}$.

Problem 8. Prove that if $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ nonsingular matrices, then the product $AB$ is also nonsingular.

Problem 9.
Determine whether each of the following sentences is true or false.

(a) There is a $3\times 3$ homogeneous system that has exactly three solutions.

(b) If $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ symmetric matrices, then the sum $A+B$ is also symmetric.

(c) If $n$-dimensional vectors $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3$ are linearly dependent, then the vectors $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3, \mathbf{v}_4$ is also linearly dependent for any $n$-dimensional vector $\mathbf{v}_4$.

(d) If the coefficient matrix of a system of linear equations is singular, then the system is inconsistent.

(e) The vectors
$\mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_3=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$ are linearly independent.

## Problem 563

Let
$\mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ a \\ 5 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_3=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 4 \\ b \end{bmatrix}$ be vectors in $\R^3$.

Determine a condition on the scalars $a, b$ so that the set of vectors $\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3\}$ is linearly dependent.

## Problem 560

Let $A$ be an $n\times (n-1)$ matrix and let $\mathbf{b}$ be an $(n-1)$-dimensional vector.
Then the product $A\mathbf{b}$ is an $n$-dimensional vector.
Set the $n\times n$ matrix $B=[A_1, A_2, \dots, A_{n-1}, A\mathbf{b}]$, where $A_i$ is the $i$-th column vector of $A$.

Prove that $B$ is a singular matrix for any choice of $\mathbf{b}$.

## Problem 415

(a) Let $R$ be a commutative ring. If we regard $R$ as a left $R$-module, then prove that any two distinct elements of the module $R$ are linearly dependent.

(b) Let $f: M\to M’$ be a left $R$-module homomorphism. Let $\{x_1, \dots, x_n\}$ be a subset in $M$. Prove that if the set $\{f(x_1), \dots, f(x_n)\}$ is linearly independent, then the set $\{x_1, \dots, x_n\}$ is also linearly independent.

## Problem 375

Let $n>1$ be a positive integer. Let $V=M_{n\times n}(\C)$ be the vector space over the complex numbers $\C$ consisting of all complex $n\times n$ matrices. The dimension of $V$ is $n^2$.
Let $A \in V$ and consider the set
$S_A=\{I=A^0, A, A^2, \dots, A^{n^2-1}\}$ of $n^2$ elements.
Prove that the set $S_A$ cannot be a basis of the vector space $V$ for any $A\in V$.

## Problem 365

Let $f(x)=\sin^2(x)$, $g(x)=\cos^2(x)$, and $h(x)=1$. These are vectors in $C[-1, 1]$.
Determine whether the set $\{f(x), \, g(x), \, h(x)\}$ is linearly dependent or linearly independent.

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Problem)

## Problem 347

Let $V$ be a vector space over a scalar field $K$.
Let $S=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \dots, \mathbf{v}_n\}$ be the set of vectors in $V$, where $n \geq 2$.

Then prove that the set $S$ is linearly dependent if and only if at least one of the vectors in $S$ can be written as a linear combination of remaining vectors in $S$.

## Problem 292

Let $V$ be a subset of the vector space $\R^n$ consisting only of the zero vector of $\R^n$. Namely $V=\{\mathbf{0}\}$.
Then prove that $V$ is a subspace of $\R^n$.

## Problem 284

Let $\mathbf{v}_1$ and $\mathbf{v}_2$ be $2$-dimensional vectors and let $A$ be a $2\times 2$ matrix.

(a) Show that if $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ are linearly dependent vectors, then the vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ are also linearly dependent.

(b) If $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ are linearly independent vectors, can we conclude that the vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ are also linearly independent?

(c) If $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$ are linearly independent vectors and $A$ is nonsingular, then show that the vectors $A\mathbf{v}_1, A\mathbf{v}_2$ are also linearly independent.

## Problem 281

(a) For what value(s) of $a$ is the following set $S$ linearly dependent?
$S=\left \{\,\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ a \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} a \\ 0 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ a^2 \\ 7 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ a \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ 3 \\ a^3 \end{bmatrix} \, \right\}.$

(b) Let $\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3\}$ be a set of nonzero vectors in $\R^m$ such that the dot product
$\mathbf{v}_i\cdot \mathbf{v}_j=0$ when $i\neq j$.
Prove that the set is linearly independent.

## Problem 277

Determine whether the following set of vectors is linearly independent or linearly dependent. If the set is linearly dependent, express one vector in the set as a linear combination of the others.
$\left\{\, \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ -1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ -2 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} -2 \\ -2 \\ 7 \\ 11 \end{bmatrix}\, \right\}.$

## Problem 48

Let $V$ be an $n$-dimensional vector space over a field $K$.
Suppose that $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \dots, \mathbf{v}_k$ are linearly independent vectors in $V$.

Are the following vectors linearly independent?

$\mathbf{v}_1+\mathbf{v}_2, \quad \mathbf{v}_2+\mathbf{v}_3, \quad \dots, \quad \mathbf{v}_{k-1}+\mathbf{v}_k, \quad \mathbf{v}_k+\mathbf{v}_1.$

If it is linearly dependent, give a non-trivial linear combination of these vectors summing up to the zero vector.