# Stanford-university-exam-eye-catch

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• Any Vector is a Linear Combination of Basis Vectors Uniquely Let $B=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3\}$ be a basis for a vector space $V$ over a scalar field $K$. Then show that any vector $\mathbf{v}\in V$ can be written uniquely as $\mathbf{v}=c_1\mathbf{v}_1+c_2\mathbf{v}_2+c_3\mathbf{v}_3,$ where $c_1, c_2, c_3$ are […]
• Hyperplane Through Origin is Subspace of 4-Dimensional Vector Space Let $S$ be the subset of $\R^4$ consisting of vectors $\begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \\ w \end{bmatrix}$ satisfying $2x+3y+5z+7w=0.$ Then prove that the set $S$ is a subspace of $\R^4$. (Linear Algebra Exam Problem, The Ohio State […]
• Similar Matrices Have the Same Eigenvalues Show that if $A$ and $B$ are similar matrices, then they have the same eigenvalues and their algebraic multiplicities are the same. Proof. We prove that $A$ and $B$ have the same characteristic polynomial. Then the result follows immediately since eigenvalues and algebraic […]
• Ascending Chain of Submodules and Union of its Submodules Let $R$ be a ring with $1$. Let $M$ be an $R$-module. Consider an ascending chain $N_1 \subset N_2 \subset \cdots$ of submodules of $M$. Prove that the union $\cup_{i=1}^{\infty} N_i$ is a submodule of $M$.   Proof. To simplify the notation, let us […]
• Exponential Functions Form a Basis of a Vector Space Let $C[-1, 1]$ be the vector space over $\R$ of all continuous functions defined on the interval $[-1, 1]$. Let $V:=\{f(x)\in C[-1,1] \mid f(x)=a e^x+b e^{2x}+c e^{3x}, a, b, c\in \R\}$ be a subset in $C[-1, 1]$. (a) Prove that $V$ is a subspace of $C[-1, 1]$. (b) […]
• Find a Matrix that Maps Given Vectors to Given Vectors Suppose that a real matrix $A$ maps each of the following vectors $\mathbf{x}_1=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{x}_2=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{x}_3=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$ into the […]
• The Transpose of a Nonsingular Matrix is Nonsingular Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ nonsingular matrix. Prove that the transpose matrix $A^{\trans}$ is also nonsingular.   Definition (Nonsingular Matrix). By definition, $A^{\trans}$ is a nonsingular matrix if the only solution to […]
• Group Generated by Commutators of Two Normal Subgroups is a Normal Subgroup Let $G$ be a group and $H$ and $K$ be subgroups of $G$. For $h \in H$, and $k \in K$, we define the commutator $[h, k]:=hkh^{-1}k^{-1}$. Let $[H,K]$ be a subgroup of $G$ generated by all such commutators. Show that if $H$ and $K$ are normal subgroups of $G$, then the subgroup […]