# Tagged: augmented matrix

## Problem 691

In this problem, we use the following vectors in $\R^2$.
$\mathbf{a}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{b}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{c}=\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{d}=\begin{bmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{e}=\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{f}=\begin{bmatrix} 5 \\ 6 \end{bmatrix}.$ For each set $S$, determine whether $\Span(S)=\R^2$. If $\Span(S)\neq \R^2$, then give algebraic description for $\Span(S)$ and explain the geometric shape of $\Span(S)$.

(a) $S=\{\mathbf{a}, \mathbf{b}\}$
(b) $S=\{\mathbf{a}, \mathbf{c}\}$
(c) $S=\{\mathbf{c}, \mathbf{d}\}$
(d) $S=\{\mathbf{a}, \mathbf{f}\}$
(e) $S=\{\mathbf{e}, \mathbf{f}\}$
(f) $S=\{\mathbf{a}, \mathbf{b}, \mathbf{c}\}$
(g) $S=\{\mathbf{e}\}$

## Problem 688

Let $A$ be a $3\times 3$ matrix and let
$\mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ -1 \end{bmatrix} \text{ and } \mathbf{w}=\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix}.$ Suppose that $A\mathbf{v}=-\mathbf{v}$ and $A\mathbf{w}=2\mathbf{w}$.
Then find the vector
$A^5\begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ 8 \\ -9 \end{bmatrix}.$

## Problem 653

Write the vector $\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \\ -1 \end{bmatrix}$ as a linear combination of the vectors
$\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} , \, \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} , \, \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 0 \\ 4 \end{bmatrix}.$

## Problem 651

(a) Find a function
$g(\theta) = a \cos(\theta) + b \cos(2 \theta) + c \cos(3 \theta)$ such that $g(0) = g(\pi/2) = g(\pi) = 0$, where $a, b, c$ are constants.

(b) Find real numbers $a, b, c$ such that the function
$g(\theta) = a \cos(\theta) + b \cos(2 \theta) + c \cos(3 \theta)$ satisfies $g(0) = 3$, $g(\pi/2) = 1$, and $g(\pi) = -5$.

## Problem 649

A 2-digit number has two properties: The digits sum to 11, and if the number is written with digits reversed, and subtracted from the original number, the result is 45.

Find the number.

## Problem 648

Determine whether the following augmented matrices are in reduced row echelon form, and calculate the solution sets of their associated systems of linear equations.

(a) $\left[\begin{array}{rrr|r} 1 & 0 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & -3 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 6 \end{array} \right]$.

(b) $\left[\begin{array}{rrr|r} 1 & 0 & 3 & -4 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 & 0 \end{array} \right]$.

(c) $\left[\begin{array}{rr|r} 1 & 2 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & -1 \end{array} \right]$.

## Problem 552

For each of the following $3\times 3$ matrices $A$, determine whether $A$ is invertible and find the inverse $A^{-1}$ if exists by computing the augmented matrix $[A|I]$, where $I$ is the $3\times 3$ identity matrix.

(a) $A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 & -2 \\ 2 &3 &0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

(b) $A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 2 \\ -1 &-3 &2 \\ 3 & 6 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$.

## Problem 442

Consider the following system of linear equations
\begin{align*}
2x+3y+z&=-1\\
3x+3y+z&=1\\
2x+4y+z&=-2.
\end{align*}

(a) Find the coefficient matrix $A$ for this system.

(b) Find the inverse matrix of the coefficient matrix found in (a)

(c) Solve the system using the inverse matrix $A^{-1}$.

## Problem 394

Determine the values of $x$ so that the matrix
$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & x \\ 1 &x &x \\ x & x & x \end{bmatrix}$ is invertible.
For those values of $x$, find the inverse matrix $A^{-1}$.

## Problem 324

Let $T$ be the linear transformation from the $3$-dimensional vector space $\R^3$ to $\R^3$ itself satisfying the following relations.
\begin{align*}
T\left(\, \begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
1 \\
1
\end{bmatrix} \,\right)
=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0 \\
1
2 \\
3 \\
5
\end{bmatrix} \, \right) =
\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
2 \\
-1
T \left( \, \begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1 \\
2
\end{bmatrix} \, \right)=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0 \\
0
\end{bmatrix}.
\end{align*}
Then for any vector
$\mathbf{x}=\begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{bmatrix}\in \R^3,$ find the formula for $T(\mathbf{x})$.

## Problem 313

(a) Let $A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 3 &6 &4 \end{bmatrix}$ and let
$\mathbf{a}=\begin{bmatrix} -3 \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \qquad \mathbf{b}=\begin{bmatrix} -2 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \qquad \mathbf{c}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}.$ For each of the vectors $\mathbf{a}, \mathbf{b}, \mathbf{c}$, determine whether the vector is in the null space $\calN(A)$. Do the same for the range $\calR(A)$.

(b) Find a basis of the null space of the matrix $B=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 2 \\ -2 &-2 &-4 \end{bmatrix}$.

## Problem 312

Let
$\mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix} a \\ b \\ c \end{bmatrix}, \qquad \mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \qquad \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{bmatrix}.$ Find the necessary and sufficient condition so that the vector $\mathbf{v}$ is a linear combination of the vectors $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2$.

## Problem 299

Find the inverse matrix of
$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 &0 &1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ if it exists. If you think there is no inverse matrix of $A$, then give a reason.

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Problem)

## Problem 298

Let
$\mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 5 \\ -1 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 4 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_3=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{b}=\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 13 \\ 6 \end{bmatrix}.$ Express the vector $\mathbf{b}$ as a linear combination of the vector $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3$.

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Problem)

## Problem 289

(a) Find the inverse matrix of
$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 &0 &0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ if it exists. If you think there is no inverse matrix of $A$, then give a reason.

(b) Find a nonsingular $2\times 2$ matrix $A$ such that
$A^3=A^2B-3A^2,$ where
$B=\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 1\\ 2& 6 \end{bmatrix}.$ Verify that the matrix $A$ you obtained is actually a nonsingular matrix.

(The Ohio State University, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Problem)

## Problem 275

Let $A$ be the following $3\times 3$ upper triangular matrix.
$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & x & y \\ 0 &1 &z \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix},$ where $x, y, z$ are some real numbers.

Determine whether the matrix $A$ is invertible or not. If it is invertible, then find the inverse matrix $A^{-1}$.

## Problem 249

Suppose that the following matrix $A$ is the augmented matrix for a system of linear equations.
$A= \left[\begin{array}{rrr|r} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 2 &-1 & -2 & a^2 \\ -1 & -7 & -11 & a \end{array} \right],$ where $a$ is a real number. Determine all the values of $a$ so that the corresponding system is consistent.

## Problem 242

Let
$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 &3 &2 \\ -1 & -3 & -4 \end{bmatrix} \text{ and } B=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 &3 &2 \\ 5 & 3 & 3 \end{bmatrix}.$

Determine the null spaces of matrices $A$ and $B$.

## Problem 214

Find the inverse matrix of the matrix
$A=\begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{7} & \frac{3}{7} & \frac{6}{7} \\[6 pt] \frac{6}{7} &\frac{2}{7} &-\frac{3}{7} \\[6pt] -\frac{3}{7} & \frac{6}{7} & -\frac{2}{7} \end{bmatrix}.$

## Problem 194

Find the value(s) of $h$ for which the following set of vectors
$\left \{ \mathbf{v}_1=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_2=\begin{bmatrix} h \\ 1 \\ -h \end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{v}_3=\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2h \\ 3h+1 \end{bmatrix}\right\}$ is linearly independent.

(Boston College, Linear Algebra Midterm Exam Sample Problem)