(a) If $AB=B$, then $B$ is the identity matrix. (b) If the coefficient matrix $A$ of the system $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$ is invertible, then the system has infinitely many solutions. (c) If $A$ is invertible, then $ABA^{-1}=B$. (d) If $A$ is an idempotent nonsingular matrix, then $A$ must be the identity matrix. (e) If $x_1=0, x_2=0, x_3=1$ is a solution to a homogeneous system of linear equation, then the system has infinitely many solutions.
Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ nonsingular matrix. Let $\mathbf{v}, \mathbf{w}$ be linearly independent vectors in $\R^n$. Prove that the vectors $A\mathbf{v}$ and $A\mathbf{w}$ are linearly independent.
Let $A$ and $B$ be $3\times 3$ matrices and let $C=A-2B$.
If
\[A\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
3 \\
5
\end{bmatrix}=B\begin{bmatrix}
2 \\
6 \\
10
\end{bmatrix},\]
then is the matrix $C$ nonsingular? If so, prove it. Otherwise, explain why not.
Determine the values of a real number $a$ such that the matrix
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
3 & 0 & a \\
2 &3 &0 \\
0 & 18a & a+1
\end{bmatrix}\]
is nonsingular.
(a) Suppose that a $3\times 3$ system of linear equations is inconsistent. Is the coefficient matrix of the system nonsingular?
(b) Suppose that a $3\times 3$ homogeneous system of linear equations has a solution $x_1=0, x_2=-3, x_3=5$. Is the coefficient matrix of the system nonsingular?
(c) Let $A$ be a $4\times 4$ matrix and let
\[\mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
2 \\
3 \\
4
\end{bmatrix} \text{ and } \mathbf{w}=\begin{bmatrix}
4 \\
3 \\
2 \\
1
\end{bmatrix}.\]
Suppose that we have $A\mathbf{v}=A\mathbf{w}$. Is the matrix $A$ nonsingular?
Suppose that $B=\{\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2\}$ is a basis for $\R^2$. Let $S:=[\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2]$.
Note that as the column vectors of $S$ are linearly independent, the matrix $S$ is invertible.
Prove that for each vector $\mathbf{v} \in V$, the vector $S^{-1}\mathbf{v}$ is the coordinate vector of $\mathbf{v}$ with respect to the basis $B$.
Diagonalize the $2\times 2$ matrix $A=\begin{bmatrix}
2 & -1\\
-1& 2
\end{bmatrix}$ by finding a nonsingular matrix $S$ and a diagonal matrix $D$ such that $S^{-1}AS=D$.
Prove that the matrix
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
0 & 1\\
-1& 0
\end{bmatrix}\]
is diagonalizable.
Prove, however, that $A$ cannot be diagonalized by a real nonsingular matrix.
That is, there is no real nonsingular matrix $S$ such that $S^{-1}AS$ is a diagonal matrix.
The following problems are Midterm 1 problems of Linear Algebra (Math 2568) at the Ohio State University in Autumn 2017.
There were 9 problems that covered Chapter 1 of our textbook (Johnson, Riess, Arnold).
The time limit was 55 minutes.
This post is Part 3 and contains Problem 7, 8, and 9.
Check out Part 1 and Part 2 for the rest of the exam problems.
Problem 7. Let $A=\begin{bmatrix}
-3 & -4\\
8& 9
\end{bmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{v}=\begin{bmatrix}
-1 \\
2
\end{bmatrix}$.
(a) Calculate $A\mathbf{v}$ and find the number $\lambda$ such that $A\mathbf{v}=\lambda \mathbf{v}$.
(b) Without forming $A^3$, calculate the vector $A^3\mathbf{v}$.
Problem 8. Prove that if $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ nonsingular matrices, then the product $AB$ is also nonsingular.
Problem 9.
Determine whether each of the following sentences is true or false.
(a) There is a $3\times 3$ homogeneous system that has exactly three solutions.
(b) If $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ symmetric matrices, then the sum $A+B$ is also symmetric.
(c) If $n$-dimensional vectors $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3$ are linearly dependent, then the vectors $\mathbf{v}_1, \mathbf{v}_2, \mathbf{v}_3, \mathbf{v}_4$ is also linearly dependent for any $n$-dimensional vector $\mathbf{v}_4$.
(d) If the coefficient matrix of a system of linear equations is singular, then the system is inconsistent.
Let $I$ be the $2\times 2$ identity matrix.
Then prove that $-I$ cannot be a commutator $[A, B]:=ABA^{-1}B^{-1}$ for any $2\times 2$ matrices $A$ and $B$ with determinant $1$.
An $n\times n$ matrix $A$ is called nonsingular if the only vector $\mathbf{x}\in \R^n$ satisfying the equation $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}$ is $\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{0}$.
Using the definition of a nonsingular matrix, prove the following statements.
(a) If $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ nonsingular matrix, then the product $AB$ is also nonsingular.
(b) Let $A$ and $B$ be $n\times n$ matrices and suppose that the product $AB$ is nonsingular. Then:
The matrix $B$ is nonsingular.
The matrix $A$ is nonsingular. (You may use the fact that a nonsingular matrix is invertible.)
Let $A$ be a singular $n\times n$ matrix.
Let
\[\mathbf{e}_1=\begin{bmatrix}
1 \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
0
\end{bmatrix}, \mathbf{e}_2=\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
1 \\
\vdots \\
0
\end{bmatrix}, \dots, \mathbf{e}_n=\begin{bmatrix}
0 \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
1
\end{bmatrix}\]
be unit vectors in $\R^n$.
Prove that at least one of the following matrix equations
\[A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{e}_i\]
for $i=1,2,\dots, n$, must have no solution $\mathbf{x}\in \R^n$.
Let $A$ be an $n\times (n-1)$ matrix and let $\mathbf{b}$ be an $(n-1)$-dimensional vector.
Then the product $A\mathbf{b}$ is an $n$-dimensional vector.
Set the $n\times n$ matrix $B=[A_1, A_2, \dots, A_{n-1}, A\mathbf{b}]$, where $A_i$ is the $i$-th column vector of $A$.
Prove that $B$ is a singular matrix for any choice of $\mathbf{b}$.
For each of the following $3\times 3$ matrices $A$, determine whether $A$ is invertible and find the inverse $A^{-1}$ if exists by computing the augmented matrix $[A|I]$, where $I$ is the $3\times 3$ identity matrix.