Then we have
\[\mathbf{v}^\trans \mathbf{v} = \begin{bmatrix} v_1 & v_2 & \cdots & v_n \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} v_1 \\ v_2 \\ \vdots \\ v_n \end{bmatrix} = \sum_{i=1}^n \mathbf{v}_i^2 . \]
Because each $v_i^2$ is non-negative, this sum is $0$ if and only if $v_i = 0$ for each $i$. In this case, $\mathbf{v}$ is the zero vector.
Comment.
Recall that the the length of the vector $\mathbf{v}\in \R^n$ is defined to be
\[\|\mathbf{v}\| :=\sqrt{\mathbf{v}^{\trans} \mathbf{v}}.\]
The problem implies that the length of a vector is $0$ if and only if the vector is the zero vector.
Find the Distance Between Two Vectors if the Lengths and the Dot Product are Given
Let $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ be vectors in $\R^n$ such that their length are
\[\|\mathbf{a}\|=\|\mathbf{b}\|=1\]
and the inner product
\[\mathbf{a}\cdot \mathbf{b}=\mathbf{a}^{\trans}\mathbf{b}=-\frac{1}{2}.\]
Then determine the length $\|\mathbf{a}-\mathbf{b}\|$.
(Note […]
Find the Inverse Matrix of a Matrix With Fractions
Find the inverse matrix of the matrix
\[A=\begin{bmatrix}
\frac{2}{7} & \frac{3}{7} & \frac{6}{7} \\[6 pt]
\frac{6}{7} &\frac{2}{7} &-\frac{3}{7} \\[6pt]
-\frac{3}{7} & \frac{6}{7} & -\frac{2}{7}
\end{bmatrix}.\]
Hint.
You may use the augmented matrix […]
Inner Products, Lengths, and Distances of 3-Dimensional Real Vectors
For this problem, use the real vectors
\[ \mathbf{v}_1 = \begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{bmatrix} , \mathbf{v}_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 2 \\ -3 \end{bmatrix} , \mathbf{v}_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix} . \]
Suppose that $\mathbf{v}_4$ is another vector which is […]
A Relation between the Dot Product and the Trace
Let $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{w}$ be two $n \times 1$ column vectors.
Prove that $\tr ( \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w}^\trans ) = \mathbf{v}^\trans \mathbf{w}$.
Solution.
Suppose the vectors have components
\[\mathbf{v} = \begin{bmatrix} v_1 \\ v_2 \\ \vdots \\ v_n […]
7 Problems on Skew-Symmetric Matrices
Let $A$ and $B$ be $n\times n$ skew-symmetric matrices. Namely $A^{\trans}=-A$ and $B^{\trans}=-B$.
(a) Prove that $A+B$ is skew-symmetric.
(b) Prove that $cA$ is skew-symmetric for any scalar $c$.
(c) Let $P$ be an $m\times n$ matrix. Prove that $P^{\trans}AP$ is […]
Sum of Squares of Hermitian Matrices is Zero, then Hermitian Matrices Are All Zero
Let $A_1, A_2, \dots, A_m$ be $n\times n$ Hermitian matrices. Show that if
\[A_1^2+A_2^2+\cdots+A_m^2=\calO,\]
where $\calO$ is the $n \times n$ zero matrix, then we have $A_i=\calO$ for each $i=1,2, \dots, m$.
Hint.
Recall that a complex matrix $A$ is Hermitian if […]